Quick Review of Drugs Used to Treat Infertility in Both Men and Women

Infertility is a global health issue worldwide as it affects both men and women. Infertility in males occurs due to abnormal sperms, low sperm count, erectile dysfunction, etc. While female infertility occurs due to multiple miscarriages, obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and increasing age. The increasing prevalence of infertility in both men and women is expected to increase the demand for infertility drugs. Infertility affects around 8% to 10% of couples worldwide. Infertility affects one in four couples in emerging economies.

Infertility affects one out of eight couples (that's about 6.7 million people each year) in the United States. Italy's fertility rate fell gradually from 2.44 children per woman in 1970 to 1.31 children per woman in 2019. Moreover, infertility affects around 20% of the population in Italy. In 2018, Singapore has one of the lowest fertility rates per female in the world. In 2018, Singapore’s fertility rate was 1.14 children per woman, the lowest in the world. Furthermore, infertility is a major life event that exposes social and psychological problems. The types and rates of these problems vary in terms of socio-cultural and gender of people from different geographical regions.The drugs used to treat female infertility fall into two groups. The first group is used to treat the immediate cause of infertility, whereas the second group is used to treat particular medical conditions. For instance, insulin resistance drugs can correct hormone imbalances that affect implantation and ovulation. 

The most commonly used drugs include Clomid, Metformin, Cycloset, Clomiphene citrate, Gonadotropins, Letrozole, and Bromocriptine. Moreover, drugs used to treat male infertility include Anastrazole or Arimidex, Clomiphene or Clomid, and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Most of these drugs are taken by mouth except hMG and hCG, which are injections. However, these drugs do have some side effects.


 

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